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Introduction of different animal milk

Post on 2023-02-20

In dairy project, the raw milk is an important element in producing, it influence the quality of product, for the company owns cows and other animals, the kind of animal can also effect the cost.

1. Milk cow

Contradistinction of main milk cow and milk content

BreedWeight/kgAnnual production/kgDry solid content/%Protein content/%Fat content/%
Holstein600-800700012.22.8-3.23.3-4.1
Jersey350-550420014.63.1-3.94.1-5.2
Ayrshire550-700520012.82.9-3.33.5-4.1
Brown Swiss600-800570013.43.1-3.53.6-4.4
Guernsey400-650460014.53.1-3.54.2-5.0

2. Other animal

1) Goat

Main ingredient of goat milk(%)

IngredientAverage valueVariation range
Dry solid13.29.95-21.5
Fat4.202.46-7.76
Crude protein3.522.49-5.06
Casein2.902.33-4.63
Lactose4.523.62-6.30
Ash0.80.69-0.89

In many western European countries and the Mediterranean region, Goat milk are mainly used to produce cheese, Greece and France are the world’s largest producer of goat cheese, in addition to Italy and Spain.

2) Sheep

Main ingredient of sheep milk(%)

IngredientAverage contentVariation rangeAverage content in dry solid
Water81.679.27-83.80-
Lactose4.614.10-4.9525.0
Fat7.095.10-8.7038.5
Crude protein5.724.75-6.6031.1
Casein4.44--
Whey protein0.98--
Non-protein nitrogen0.047--
Ash0.910.70-1.104.9
Dry solid18.4016.20-20.73-
Non-fat solid11.31--

In developing countries, sheep milk and goat milk is the important source of dietary protein, however, in developed countries, most of them are produced to high-quality cheese or yogurt.

3) Buffalo

Main ingredient of buffalo milk(%)

IngredientChinese buffalo milkOther buffalo milkCow milk
Dry solid22.6416.6-18.312.4
Fat11.046.9-7.63.6
Protein5.863.8-4.43.2
Lactose4.864.9-5.54.8
Ash0.860.75-0.840.72
Calcium0.220.200.13
Phosphorus0.140.140.10
Citric acid0.210.210.15

Content of dry solid, protein, fat and calcium are much higher than cow milk, but it’s production is lower, most of greed has a milking production 5L/d, good breed can average reach to 8-10L/d. Buffalo are mainly in south China, can be fully used.

4) Yak

Main ingredient of yak milk(%)

IngredientAverage value
Fat6.5
Protein5.5
Lactose5.5
Non-fat solid8.8
Ash0.8

In China, yak milk as raw material, the product are milk powder, milk cake, Qula, in west China, Qula is the material of Casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate.

5) Camel

Main ingredient of camel milk(%)

IngredientAverage value
Water86.9
Protein3.4
Fat4.1
Lactose3.7
Non-fat solid8.9
Ash0.7

Milking camel can be separated to 3000L/y high production camel and 1500-3000L/y medium production camel and low production camel which is lower than 1500L/y. Only high and medium camel can be used as milking camel.

Though camel’s production is lower than holstein, but in the dry area, camel is the main source of milk. These years, the researcher find in camel milk, there exists functional proteins and peptides.

6) Horse

Ingredient of horse milk(%)

IngredientVariation range
Fat0.2-3.5
Protein1.7-3.0
Casein0.72-1.86
Whey protein0.83-0.90
Non-protein nitrogen0.17-0.25(about 10% of total   nitrogen)
Lactose5.6-7.1
Ash0.3-0.5

Because the content and form of lactose, protein are nearly like human milk in horse milk, it’s low sensitivity, high digestibility, so in past, horse milk usually be used for feeding baby instead of human milk. But in horse milk, fat content is low, fatty acid form is different from human. Because of the low content of casein in horse milk and the high PH, the milk can’t be curded, so it can’t be made to cheese. Horse milk can also be produced to horse milk wine, ethanol content is 0.6-3%, average 2%. In Europe, horse milk sometimes be made to cosmetic, like face cream, soap, moisturizing cream, etc.